This is a summary of research papers and studies
from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
ABOUT PINEAPPLE EXTRACT
The pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr) is a tropical plant with significant therapeutic and cosmetic potential, largely due to its rich composition of bioactive compounds, most notably the enzyme bromelain. Beyond its nutritional value, pineapple extracts from the fruit, core, skin, and stem have been extensively studied for their topical functions, ranging from advanced wound debridement to anti-aging and anti-acne treatments.
Properties
The properties of pineapple extract are diverse, depending on which part of the plant is utilized. The most prominent component is bromelain, a concentrate of proteolytic enzymes including thiol-endopeptidases, phosphatases, glucosidases, and peroxidases. While found throughout the plant, bromelain is most highly concentrated in the stem.
In addition to enzymes, pineapple core extract (PCE) has been found to contain secondary metabolites such as tannins and triterpenoids. Tannins act as biological antioxidants and astringents, while triterpenoids contribute to skin protection by inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) and modulating protein phosphorylation related to lipid peroxidation. Pineapple also contains Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs), such as citric acid, and is rich in vitamins A and C, which provide skin-cleansing and antioxidant benefits.
Functions
The primary function of pineapple extract in skincare is its ability to break down proteins. This function is used in exfoliation, where bromelain digests the "glue-like" substances—intercorneocyte cohesion—that hold dead skin cells together, allowing them to shed more easily and softening the skin texture.
Another critical function is its antioxidant activity; its ability to scavenge free radicals, which are unstable molecules that cause oxidative stress and premature aging. Studies have demonstrated that both fruit and core extracts possess significant antioxidant capacity. This antioxidant function is essential for protecting the skin from external aging factors like UV radiation and environmental pollutants.
Furthermore, pineapple extract exhibits anti-tyrosinase activity. Tyrosinase is the enzyme responsible for initiating skin pigmentation (melanin formation). By inhibiting this enzyme, pineapple extracts can help prevent hyperpigmentation and age spots, contributing to a more even and brightened skin tone.
Skin Benefits
Advanced Wound and Burn Care
One of the most clinically significant benefits of bromelain-based pineapple extract is its use in enzymatic debridement for burn patients. Unlike traditional surgical debridement, bromelain is a selective agent that removes necrotic tissue while preserving viable skin. In a study of patients with deep burns, bromelain-based debridement led to faster wound healing, reduced infection rates, and lower pain levels during the process. It facilitates a quicker transition to the proliferative phase of healing by maintaining a moist wound environment conducive to tissue regeneration.
Anti-Acne and Antimicrobial Effects
Pineapple fruit extract has shown "strong" anti-acne effectiveness, particularly against pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus. Bromelain targets bacteria by interfering with components of the bacterial cell membrane, causing instability and bursting of the cell. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory properties help reduce the redness and swelling associated with acne breakouts.
UV Protection and Anti-Aging
Pineapple extracts offer a protective effect against UV-induced damage. Research indicates that pre-treating skin cells with bromelain can significantly increase cell viability after UV exposure. By protecting skin fibroblasts—the cells responsible for producing collagen—pineapple extract helps maintain skin elasticity and reduces the formation of fine lines and wrinkles.
Gentle Exfoliation
For those with sensitive skin who cannot tolerate harsh chemical peels or abrasive mechanical scrubs, pineapple enzymes offer a safe alternative. Because it works biologically to hydrolyze peptide bonds in the outermost skin layer, it promotes faster skin regeneration and deep cleansing without causing the micro-scratches often associated with physical exfoliants like ground walnut shells.
While highly beneficial, the use of pineapple extract is not without risks. The most significant concern is the risk of allergic reactions, particularly in individuals with known allergies to pineapple or other plant-based enzymes.
Conclusion
Topical pineapple extract, powered by the enzyme bromelain and a suite of antioxidants and AHAs, serves as a multifunctional skincare agent. It functions as a selective debriding agent for wounds, a biological exfoliator, a potent antioxidant, and an antimicrobial shield. Whether utilized in a clinical setting for burn recovery or in a daily skincare routine for its anti-aging and anti-acne properties, pineapple extract offers a natural, effective, and increasingly innovative approach to skin health and rejuvenation.